Did California Energy Efficiency Standards . . . WORK?

Question taken up by this article, which included the figure below AND the paragraph below (from the article’s conclusion) –

To be clear, just because Figure 1 fails to prove that California’s efficiency standards worked doesn’t mean the standards didn’t. Other states and the US federal government followed California’s early lead and enacted their own building and appliance standards, and so perhaps residential electricity growth nationwide – in California and other states – has been lower than it would have been without those laws.

If so, that outcome cannot be seen by comparing California to other states because both lines in Figure 1 may be lower than they would have been without efficiency standards. The result in Levinson (2013) does not prove that energy-efficiency standards didn’t work; it only shows that the famous Figure 1 is uninformative.

Source: http://electricalcontractor.com/?p=10831

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